Why global imbalances are important


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No one knows the future course or possible economic effects of the new war in the Middle East. I wrote what I can do about it column On October 31, 2023, the “Economic Consequences of the Israeli-Hamas War” was, on October 31, 2023, the major question I argued and the infigration was transported from the Gulf region of oil and transportation. 48 percent of global proven reserves in this region produced 33 percent of the world in 2022. There is also a breakup on exports in the Strait of Hormuz. These truths remain. The question now belongs to Donald Trump: How does this war know how to finish?

It is also a question that is raised in other areas, especially its financial policy, the interaction of trade policy. The purpose of the past is to reduce trade shortages, if not eliminated. The purpose of the last is to manage huge financial deficits. These two goals are not suitable. Great foreign deficiencies, according to the definition, said that the country spends more than the income. The US economy is close to the potential, with the ratio of unemployment only 4.2 percentThere is no quick way to increase income. Therefore, the reduction of the exterior will require reduction of national expenses.

Bar schedule of current account balances is the main balancer of global current accounts in the US 2024 ($ BN)

It would be a clear discount with a clear road, financial deficit, higher tax and expenditure obligations. This will allow the Federal Reserve to reduce interest rates that cause Trump’s pleasure. The dollar must also be weakened to help increase the production of goods and services. Thus, the Trump adores little taxes and high spending, why don’t you go for it?

The answer is that it can only be politically difficult. The issue is illuminated by the examination of Sector Savings and Investment Remains US economy Since the early 1990s. Along with the murder, they must add to zero, because inner savings and net foreign deposits (ie the flow of net capital) are equal to internal investment. On average, the US household and corporate sectors have deposits more than 3.5 and 1.6 percent of GDP since 2008 since 2008. They were close to the balance since 1992-2007. Thus, on the basis of the net, there is no need for foreign deposits to the private sector of the United States. The dominant net borrower in the US economy is the federal government. (See diagrams.)

The analysis shows that the benefits of being obtained from the insistent net capital of us are the ability to have a larger financial defeat and cultivate public debt. This is not like a good deal. However, if the government interrupts its deficit, the result can be driven by a decrease in the private sector, or in its income in its income. It means an old recession. The latter means active price bubbles. It is the largest problem that is widespread, an inclination, divorce, depravity or both for large and sustainable flows.

US average financial remains (% of GDP) replace deposits of bar schedule, foreigners, households and corporations

In Last paper for the Carnegie HindimentMichael Pettis and Erica Hogan focus on another disadvantage: they claim that the consumption of consumption in China and other countries causes great trade surplus and large shortcomings abroad. Like the United States and the United Kingdom, countries working in these trade shortcomings are more than compared to smaller production sectors. But Paul Krugman arguesEven the US trade deficit will only increase the production value of the United States only 2.5 percent of GDP. Trade balances themselves are not so important.

The Line Schedule of US households and debt securities, loans and debt securities has reduced its debts since the global financial crisis of US households

Pettis and Hogan also shows the coordination of the size of the production sector with deposit level. However, in GDP in 2012 and 2022, the difference between the average shares of China and the United States (28 percent in China in the United States in the United States). This is greater than the space between the relevant trade remains. Explanation should lie with the content of the request. The investment that high deposits are more severe than the goods produced more than consumption.

In general, the main reason for concern for global trade imbuilders, the second order for a country like the United States does not affect production due to financial stability. This should be a cooperative enterprise, when fiscal regulation is so large economy. Americans not only ignored the influence of global student.

On average, the provision of countries with high-national deposit rates in 2012-2022 has a high degree of consumption

The United States can probably increase the tariffs by raising tariffs, increasing tariffs, only by raising tariffs, when the defense is not completely protected. Otherwise, tariffs have little effect from the manufacturer and trade balance from exporters to import substitutes. Instead, it can create an important economic slowdown, to close the external failure by eliminating financial shortages.

The United States is not a small country: a global echoing account must take account. If a political intervention wants to accelerate the global discussion of imbalance, it will not be a tariff that is obvious, but the tax on the capital of capital. This will be targeted at least a foreign lending, although he is the US government.

On average, the provision of low internal consumption countries in 2012-2022 has larger production sectors

This can lead to a global discussion of the species discussed in a thoughtful paper Richard Heaven for the Institute of Brookings. The discussion offers to focus on finance, money, development and international trade policy. This makes sense. However, this also accepts a clever and cooperative approach to politics. Seems impossible.

A stick brand can start a global debate. But that’s what it is followed by the threats.

martin.wolf@ft.com

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This article has been updated to clarify a sentence to the goods produced





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